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Folksonomy

Also known as collaborative tagging , social classification, social indexing, social tagging, and other names, is the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content. In contrast to traditional subject indexing, metadata is not only generated by experts but also by creators and consumers of the content. Usually, freely chosen keywords are used instead of a controlled vocabulary.

Folksonomies became popular on the Web around 2004 with social software applications such as social bookmarking or annotating photographs. Websites that support tagging and the principle of folksonomy are referred to in the context of Web 2.0 because participation is very easy and tagging data is used in new ways to find information. For example, tag clouds are frequently used to visualize the most used tags of a folksonomy. The term folksonomy is also used to denote only the set of tags that are created in social tagging.

Typically, folksonomies are Internet-based, although they are also used in other contexts. Folksonomic tagging is intended to make a body of information increasingly easy to search, discover, and navigate over time. A well-developed folksonomy is ideally accessible as a shared vocabulary that is both originated by, and familiar to, its primary users. Two widely cited examples of websites using folksonomic tagging are Flickr and del.icio.us, although it has been suggested that Flickr is not a good example of folksonomy.

As folksonomies develop in Internet-mediated social environments, users can (generally) discover who created a given folksonomy tag, and see the other tags that this person created. In this way, folksonomy users often discover the tag sets of another user who tends to interpret and tag content in a way that makes sense to them. The result is often an immediate and rewarding gain in the user’s capacity to find related content (practice known as ‘pivot browsing’). Part of the appeal of folksonomy is its inherent subversiveness: when faced with the choice of the search tools that Web sites provide, folksonomies can be seen as a rejection of the search engine status quo in favor of tools that are created by the community.

Folksonomy creation and searching tools are not part of the underlying World Wide Web protocols. Folksonomies arise in Web-based communities where provisions are made at the site level for creating and using tags. These communities are established to enable Web users to label and share user-generated content, such as photographs, or to collaboratively label existing content, such as Web sites, books, works in the scientific and scholarly literatures, and blog entries.

Taxonomy

is the practice and science of classification. The word comes from the Greek τάξις, taxis, ‘order’ + νόμος, nomos, ‘law’ or ’science’. Taxonomies, or taxonomic schemes, are composed of taxonomic units known as taxa (singular taxon), or kinds of things that are arranged frequently in a hierarchical structure, typically related by subtype-supertype relationships, also called parent-child relationships. In such a subtype-supertype relationship the subtype kind of thing has by definition the same constraints as the supertype kind of thing plus one or more additional constraints. For example, car is a subtype of vehicle. So any car is also a vehicle, but not every vehicle is a car. So, a thing needs to satisfy more constraints to be a car than to be a vehicle.

Ontologies

An ontology is a data model that represents a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts. It is used to reason about the objects within that domain.Ontologies are used in artificial intelligence, the semantic web, software engineering, biomedical informatics and information architecture as a form of knowledge representation about the world or some part of it. Ontologies generally describe:

• Individuals: the basic or “ground level” objects
• Classes: sets, collections, or types of objects
• Attributes: properties, features, characteristics, or parameters that objects can have and share
• Relations: ways that objects can be related to one another
• Events: the changing of attributes or relations

See also:

Folksonomy:

• Folksonomy example – This article tagged collaboratively on del.icio.us.
• Folksonomy and Tag Clouds – An article on how to create a weighted tag cloud.

Taxonomy:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System
• Taxonomy Browser of National Center for Biotechnology Information
• Library of Taxonomy Resources
• Metadata? Thesauri? Taxonomies? Topic Maps! – Making sense of it all

Ontologies:

• What is an ontology?
• What are the differences between a vocabulary, a taxonomy, a thesaurus, an ontology, and a meta-model?
• Ontolog (a.k.a. Ontolog Forum) – An open, international, virtual community of practice working on the application and adoption of ontological engineering and semantic technologies.
• Barry Smith’s Ontology Page
• John Bateman’s Ontology Portal
• Buffalo Ontology Site
• National Center for Ontological Research
• The Laboratory for Applied Ontology (LOA)

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org

La Web 2.0 es la representación de la evolución de las aplicaciones tradicionales hacia aplicaciones web enfocadas al usuario final. El Web 2.0 es una actitud y no precisamente una tecnología.

Cuando el web inició, nos encontrábamos en un entorno estático, con páginas en HTML que sufrían pocas actualizaciones y no tenían interacción con el usuario.

La Web 2.0 es la transición que se ha dado de aplicaciones tradicionales hacia aplicaciones que funcionan a través del web enfocadas al usuario final. Se trata de aplicaciones que generen colaboración y de servicios que reemplacen las aplicaciones de escritorio.Todo inició cuando Dale Dougherty de O’Reilly Media utilizó este término en una conferencia en la que compartió una lluvia de ideas junto a Craig Cline de MediaLive en la que hablaba del renacimiento y evolución de la web.

Constantemente estaban surgiendo nuevas aplicaciones y sitios con sorprendentes funcionalidades. Y así se dio la pauta para la Web 2.0 conference de 2004. Esta conferencia no solo fue exitosa sino que ya tuvo seguimiento en la Web 2.0 Conference del 2005 celebrada en Octubre.

En la charla inicial del Web Conference se habló de los principios que tenían las aplicaciones Web 2.0:

• La web es la plataforma
• La información es el procesador
• Efectos de la red movidos por una arquitectura de participación.
• La innovación surge de características distribuidas por desarrolladores independientes.
• El fin del círculo de adopción de software (“Servicios en beta perpetuo”)

La Web 2.0 con ejemplos

La forma más fácil de comprender lo que significa la Web 2.0 es a través de ejemplos. Podemos comparar servicios web que marcan claramente la evolución hacia el Web 2.0:

• Web 1.0 > Web 2.0
• Doubleclick –> Google AdSense (Servicios Publicidad)
• Ofoto –> Flickr (Comunidades fotográficas)
• Akamai –> BitTorrent (Distribución de contenidos)
• mp3.com –> Napster (Descargas de música)
• Britannica Online –> Wikipedia (Enciclopedias)
• Sitios personales –> Blogs (Páginas personales)
• Especulación con dominios –> Optimización en motores de búsqueda
• Page views –> Cost per click
• CMSs –> Wikis (Manejo de contenidos)
• Categorías/Directorios –> Tagging

Más información del Web 2.0

• Web 2.0 ¿Reconfiguración social o tecnológica?
• What is Web 2.0 en O’reilly (inglés)
• Web 2.0 en la Wikipedia
• Plataforma Web 2.0 : ¿Que Es?
• Web 2.0 for designers
• Are you ready for Web 2.0? en Wired.

Fuente: http://www.maestrosdelweb.com/editorial/web2/

The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is an organization dedicated to promoting the widespread adoption of interoperable metadata standards and developing specialized metadata vocabularies for describing resources that enable more intelligent information discovery systems.

Mission and Scope

The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative provides simple standards to facilitate the finding, sharing and management of information.

DCMI does this by:

• Developing and maintaining international standards for describing resources
• Supporting a worldwide community of users and developers
• Promoting widespread use of Dublin Core solutions

The major characteristics of DCMI as an organization are (the three ‘I’s):

• Independent: DCMI is not controlled by specific commercial or other interests and is not biased towards specific domains nor does it mandate specific technical solutions
• International: DCMI encourages participation from organizations anywhere in the world, respecting linguistic and cultural differences
• Influenceable: DCMI is an open organization aiming at building consensus among the participating organizations; there are no prerequisites for participation

The development and maintenance of a core set of metadata terms (the DCMI Metadata Terms) continues to be one of the main activities of DCMI. In addition, DCMI is developing guidelines and procedures to help implementers define and describe their usage of Dublin Core metadata in the form of Application Profiles. This work is done in a work structure that provide discussion and cooperation platforms for specific communities (e.g. education, government information, corporate knowledge management) or specific interests (e.g. technical architecture, accessibility).

Anyone wishing to participate may do so by simply joining the appropriate mailing list for the activity of interest. The DC-General mailing list is the general forum for community participation and announcements.

Source: “http://dublincore.org/about/“